Sixty-four countries have submitted new nationally determined contributions (NDCs), falling short of the UN demands with time running out before next month's COP30 summit.

The 64 countries pledging reductions in carbon represent around a third of the total, and far too few to limit climate change in a meaningful way according to the UN’s synthesis report, creating carbon cuts of only 10 per cent by 2035; far short of drop needed to limit global heating to 1.5C.

Both China and the EU have yet to provide details of their NDCs, although they have indicated desires to limit emissions, many others are not even that inclined to commit. Harder to shift areas and geopolitical changes mean that agreements are likely to be more difficult to reach at this COP.

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